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Conceptual constraints inherent in the Problematique one is dealing with or the paradigm to which one researcher belongs. The Problematique or paradigm not only guides the research but also limits it in certain ways. Clôture stands for exactly this limitation, usually...

Code is One of the six factors involved in any communication process. The metalinguistic function corresponds to this factor. When communication is code-oriented or the codes on which it depends, it is said that its function is metalinguistic (or due to the fact that...

A term used by Jeremy Bentham and adopted by Charles S. Peirce to denote the spectrum of observations open to literally every researcher. The word Coenoscopic comes from Greek: the prefix (coeno-) means general, and the root (scopic) "observe". According to Peirce,...

Latin word meaning "I think" (Cogito ergo sum - I think, therefore I exist). Cogito is a term borrowed from the modern French philosopher Rene Descartes and used to denote the Self, especially the Thinking Self. It is also a symbol of the primacy of subjectivity in...

Sociologist Emile Durkheim and linguist Ferdinand de Saussure suggest that there is a collective mind above the individual mind. This is not just a sum of individual minds, but something that is not reducible to them. The assumption that there is a collective mind is...

Carl Jung proposes that this notion, in addition to the individual unconscious (this sphere of the human soul, originating mainly from the suppression of experience, in fact, neglected by the individual in the flow of life), be the collective unconscious. This is a...

The process of transmitting and receiving messages. According to Roman Jakobson and other authors, the analysis of this process covers six factors: 1. Addresser 2. Addressee 3. Contact (Channel) 4. Context 5. Code 6. Message Corresponding to these factors are six...

Competence is a network of abilities that enable the performance of a task; performance is realization itself. The distinction was made by linguist Noam Chomsky and is widely accepted by both semioticians and linguists. The difference between competence and...

A definition, used to denote one of the six main functions of communicative exchange - the function that in such an exchange is oriented to the addressee. The same message can be emotive or conative. For example, if someone says "I'm tired" just to inform about their...

The message in an argument for which evidence is presented. The messages presented as evidence of the conclusion are called prerequisites.