The effect of a speech on the listener or reader.
John L. Austin distinguishes between locution, illocution, and perlocution, or the locutionary, perlocutionary, and illocutionary force of a statement.
If someone utters the message “I’m tired“, the message-in-context has a meaning that is in agreement with the established use (the established metaphorical deviation from this use). This is a locative force.
On the other hand, when uttering this message, the speaker may mean more than revealing his physiological or psychological state, he may ask to go home. This will be an illocutionary force.
The effect of the words on the listener could be annoying. This will be the perlocutionary force of speech.
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