Nietzsche’s philosophy was inspired by Schopenhauer and agreed that the world is driven only by will, not by a supreme being. He also agreed that the world is what you see it and there is nothing beyond it. But Nietzsche believed there is more to the world than the...
Philosophy
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Man and Superman
In contrast to classical Greek philosophy, Nietzsche believed that religion kept us from developing our true potential. He thought that humans had been corrupted by their belief in gods and myths, and had lost sight of the real meaning of life. Instead of living...
Existentialism
Søren Kierkegaard probably was the first philosopher who identified the feeling of confusion when presented with the choice to act according to our will. According to him, the decision to choose something was a paradoxical situation in a sense because we always choose...
Existential angst
Soren Kierkegaard’s writings were written in response to the political, religious, and philosophical ideas of his time. He argued that the existence of an external world beyond our senses meant that we could never escape the question of whether there really is an...
Husserl’s phenomenology
Kierkegaard and Nietzsche both talked about the possibility of experiencing something beyond normal concepts. For them, life consisted firstly in creating oneself, but also in living through others. Their philosophies were essentially atheistic, focusing on the...
Heidegger: Being and Time
Martin Heidegger was interested in philosophy because he read the works of Edmund Husserl. His studies went beyond phenomenology and included existentialism and analytic philosophy. He wanted to examine what it means to be human and how we engage with the world. He...
Self-awareness
In 1933 Heidegger became a member of the Nazi party, although he denied any direct involvement with the regime. However, after the war, he was accused of promoting Nazism and his philosophy was rejected by large numbers of academics. As a result, Heidegger's influence...
Philosophy and literature
French philosophy developed independently in its own right from German idealist philosophy and British empiricism during the nineteenth century, taking advantage of the rich literary culture in Paris and the growing popularity of analytic philosophy among academics....
Reality as a perpetual flow
Henri Bergson’s philosophy of life came from his studies of biology, particularly the works of Charles Darwin. He believed in a universe of constant change in which humanity is merely a passing phase. Like Heraclitus, he saw reality as a continuous flux: changing and...
Being and Nothingness
Sartre began his career as a teacher of philosophy, but he quickly became well known as a writer and dramatist. In both literature and philosophical writing, he explored the ideas from Kierkegaard and Nietzsche about choosing value systems and finding meaning, often...
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Ockham’s razor and Buridan’s ass
William Ockham was greatly inspired by Aristotelian philosophy and write on multiple scientific subjects, as well as logic and philosophy. He believed in using the evidence of observation and experience to derive rational arguments, what we know today as the...
Learned ignorance
Although Aristotle’s methodical approach became integrated into Christian doctrines, it was heavily based on human senses and logical reasoning, and yet it also disclosed any theology from its point of view. One of the most widely known statements from Socrates is...
Erasmus and humanism
By the end of the 15th century, a power shift was in progress yet again – from the Roman Catholic Churches to Secular nation-states. Although medieval scholasticism had sought to amend and adjoin philosophy and religion, more and more intellectuals believed that both...
Reformation: undermining authority
In the late 15th century, Europe began undergoing a power shift – from Catholic Churches to the Secular States. A new approach to ‘humanism’ had proven to be detrimental to the Church’s authority. The sheer contrast between medieval scholasticism and philosophy led...
Philosophy and Islam
Islam, a religion dominant in Arab and Asia which also spread to northern Africa and even as far as southern Spain, strengthened its foundation after the appearance of Mohammad in the 7th century. The Islamic Empire rivaled Christian Europe in terms of influence and...
Free Course in Semiology
A completely and truly free course on Semiology (Semiotics). Learn about the meaning of signs, how and why did the field emerged. What is the relationship between the street signs and the signs that we use every day - words.
