Philosophy

Eastern philosophy had more to do with morality and religion than its western counterpart. The liked between religion and philosophy was not clear in the eastern region where thinkers like Laozi and Confucius in China and Siddhartha Gautama in India based their...

Daoism stands alongside Confucianism as one of the two great religious/philosophical systems of China. Traditionally traced to the mythical Laozi who stands as the forefather of this school of thought. Daoism is an umbrella that covers a range of similarly motivated...

Confucianism, the way of life propagated by Confucius in the 6th century BCE and followed by the Chinese people for more than two millennia. Although transformed over time, it is still the substance of learning, the source of values, and the social code of the...

‘What you do not desire for yourself, do not do to others.' The idea of reciprocity of benevolence in human relationships formed the primary basis of Confucianism. However, to much surprise, Confucius presents this idea of reciprocity in a negative connotation,...

India was the center of a range of different religious traditions during its early civilization and many of them shared similar features and concepts. Collectively, under a single term Hinduism – these traditions share a common belief in reincarnation, called samsara....

Buddhism is both a religion and philosophy that developed from the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama – Buddha, a teacher who lived in northern India between the mid-6th and mid-4th centuries BCE. He left his life of luxury as an Indian prince and chose an austere...

Religious dogmas of medieval Europe prevailed in the era, especially in the early period, and dominated philosophical thought. While authority and faith were more emphasized, philosophical thought and reasoning were looked down upon and regarded as suspicious. From...

The first noticeable Christian philosopher was Augustine of Hippo. He studied philosophy and rejected faith, perhaps even delving into the Persian religion of Manichaeism for a duration. However, as he led a thorough study of Greek philosophy, the teachings of Plato,...

For much of its history, Christianity has been concerned with the question of whether God’s existence can be established rationally (i.e., by reason alone or by reason informed by sense experience) or through religious experience or revelation or instead must be...

An important statement about the problem of evil, a paradox attributed to Epicurus, was cited by the Scottish philosopher David Hume: “Is God willing to prevent evil, but not able? then is he impotent? Is he able, but not willing? then is he malevolent? Is he both...