Philosophy

William Ockham was greatly inspired by Aristotelian philosophy and write on multiple scientific subjects, as well as logic and philosophy. He believed in using the evidence of observation and experience to derive rational arguments, what we know today as the...

Although Aristotle’s methodical approach became integrated into Christian doctrines, it was heavily based on human senses and logical reasoning, and yet it also disclosed any theology from its point of view. One of the most widely known statements from Socrates is...

By the end of the 15th century, a power shift was in progress yet again – from the Roman Catholic Churches to Secular nation-states. Although medieval scholasticism had sought to amend and adjoin philosophy and religion, more and more intellectuals believed that both...

In the late 15th century, Europe began undergoing a power shift – from Catholic Churches to the Secular States. A new approach to ‘humanism’ had proven to be detrimental to the Church’s authority. The sheer contrast between medieval scholasticism and philosophy led...

Islam, a religion dominant in Arab and Asia which also spread to northern Africa and even as far as southern Spain, strengthened its foundation after the appearance of Mohammad in the 7th century. The Islamic Empire rivaled Christian Europe in terms of influence and...

If the heavens vanished would time continue to pass? If existence were distinct from essence, would that mean that existence itself must exist? Aristotelian philosophy and scientific method became widespread in the Islamic Golden Age. And while many intellectuals...

Throughout the 11th and 12th centuries, Avicenna’s philosophy was the dominant ideology of Islam – characterized by a Neo-Platonist take on Aristotle’s teachings. However, like any other school of thought, it had its fair share of critics. Strict theologists such as...

The Arabic-Latin translation movements in the Middle Ages, which paralleled that from Greek into Latin, led to the transformation of almost all philosophical disciplines in the medieval Latin world. The impact of Arabic philosophers such as al-Fārābī, Avicenna, and...

Renaissance was the era marked by a time when humanist ideologies dawned and religious authorities had to let go of their stronghold on European cultural and intellectual life. Prominent figures of the Renaissance included philosopher and statesman Niccolò...

From its inception in the 14th century, the Renaissance was akin to medieval Greek and European culture being reborn after more than a thousand years of being controlled by the Church and Papal authorities. While some thinkers delved into understanding the universe...