Islam, a religion dominant in Arab and Asia which also spread to northern Africa and even as far as southern Spain, strengthened its foundation after the appearance of Mohammad in the 7th century. The Islamic Empire rivaled Christian Europe in terms of influence and size, while its stability created a rich culture. The Golden Age for Islam began around 750 CE and lasted for over five centuries. Islam, unlike Christianity, is interconnected in terms of faith and reason. Philosophy and Islam since that era are no different for the regions where it’s practiced.
Often as polymaths, educated in science, philosophy, and theology, Islamic scholars preserved and translated Greek texts – the majority of which were works of Aristotle – as well as scientific and mathematical works from India. Consequently, Islamic scholars advanced in the fields of astronomy, medicine, mathematics, and alchemy that would not have been possible in the Christian world due to their rigid dogmas. Soon separate schools of philosophy were found under the lead of two great figures, Avicenna and Averroes who merged the ideas of Plato and Aristotle into Islamic religious doctrines.