Philosophy

In 1976, Kuhn published a book called "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions" in which he explained why science progresses in small steps. His book became very famous and controversial because he said that science does not follow strict rules to prove its validity....

The 20th century saw unprecedented change in the world’s political landscape. Over one-third of the world adopted Marxism-inspired regimes. Old European colonial empires shrunk. Mid-century, the rise of tyrannous fascism and National Socialism sparked the second world...

Almost 70 years after the Communist manifesto, Marxism was becoming popular with many people around the world. In order to gain more support for Communism, the Soviet Union was formed, and several other nations followed suit. But some Marxists believed that Communism...

Critical Theory came about after the end of World War I and it focused on changing the world. Critical theorists were looking for ways to make things better. They wanted to use their knowledge to improve the world. The Frankfurt School had many famous people who...

John Dewey was a philosopher who believed that philosophy and politics are closely related. He sees his own pragmatic approach as being philosophically based on democracy. Democracy requires individual citizens to participate in the formation of policies affecting...

In classic Greek philosophy, one of the major concerns in philosophical debates was justice, which can be found in Socrates’s discussions. In the 1970s philosophers were compelled to divert to this idea of fairness and justice as a consequence of American capitalist...

As a response to Rawls, Robert Nozick proposed his own explanation for justice that could fit better into the liberal point of view. According to Nozick, we are entitled to what we have and nobody else has any right to take our stuff away. We are also entitled to do...

Political philosophers – historically – have believed in the notion of an ‘ideal state'. Governments were often judged by how they act, not what they say. Noam Chomsky had been attracted to left-wing and anarchist philosophies since his earliest exposure to politics –...

A major concern for left-wing political philosophers from Frankfurt School has been the incessant increase and success of capitalism in society, contrary to Marx’s prediction of the inevitable failure. After the failure of Soviet socialism in the east, only a small...

Concern over the environment remained insignificant until 19th-century philosophy. The Romantic preoccupation with the transcendentalist ideal of living in harmony with nature was particularly a reaction to industrialization – the idea was also presented in the...