The term humanism is often used in an extremely broad sense to denote the acceptance of the values of the dignity of human beings. In a narrower sense, humanity stands for cultural and intellectual movement, that has started in the Rennaisance (possibly even earlier),...
Semiology Glossary
Hypostatic Abstraction
Hypostatic Abstraction is a specific form of abstraction, identified and pointed out by Charles Peirce. He distinguishes between two types of abstraction - hypostatic and precisive abstraction. The precisive abstraction was to Peirce something very similar to what we...
Hypothesis
A hypothesis is, of course, a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation. Researchers are using all kinds of hypotheses to explain enigmatic phenomena. Charles Peirce has sometimes used...
“I”
"I" is the first person singular, often used in semiotic scriptures as a name denoting the subject. One of the main reasons the Self is used in this way is to emphasize the insight of the linguist Emile Benveniste that only in and through language can people be...
Icon
An iconic sign is a term used by Charles Peirce to denote a specific type of sign or sign function in which the sign vehicle represents its object through resemblance or likeness. The map, for example, is an iconic sign because it represents an area or terrain,...
Iconicity
Iconicity refers to an object that has the status or qualities of an iconic sign; performing the function or playing the role of an iconic sign (a sign that represents its object by a resemblance to that object).
Id
Id is the Latin word for it. The word is used in psychoanalytic theory to denote a broad, impersonal realm of the soul beneath the ego (I) and the superego (Superego). Id is the locus of our impulses and the source of libido. Karl Marx and Sigmund Freud had a profound...
Ideological Superstructure
Ideological Superstructure is a term inspired by Karl Marx to denote the discursive practices (theology, philosophy, literature, etc.) that arose and were maintained through the economic base. Different disciplines and discursive practices grow and stabilize from an...
Ideology
In Marxist discourse, "ideology" is a term usually meaning "wrong consciousness," or more generally, a system of ideas in the service of a group. In this sense, we could speak (as Marx does) of a revolutionary ideology, that is, of a system of ideas in the service of...
Idiolect
An idiolect is a unique or idiosyncratic language or form of discourse (parole).
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Coenoscopic
A term used by Jeremy Bentham and adopted by Charles S. Peirce to denote the spectrum of observations open to literally every researcher. The word Coenoscopic comes from Greek: the prefix (coeno-) means general, and the root (scopic) "observe". According to Peirce,...
Cogito
Latin word meaning "I think" (Cogito ergo sum - I think, therefore I exist). Cogito is a term borrowed from the modern French philosopher Rene Descartes and used to denote the Self, especially the Thinking Self. It is also a symbol of the primacy of subjectivity in...
Collective Mind
Sociologist Emile Durkheim and linguist Ferdinand de Saussure suggest that there is a collective mind above the individual mind. This is not just a sum of individual minds, but something that is not reducible to them. The assumption that there is a collective mind is...
Collective Unconscious
Carl Jung proposes that this notion, in addition to the individual unconscious (this sphere of the human soul, originating mainly from the suppression of experience, in fact, neglected by the individual in the flow of life), be the collective unconscious. This is a...
Communication
The process of transmitting and receiving messages. According to Roman Jakobson and other authors, the analysis of this process covers six factors: 1. Addresser 2. Addressee 3. Contact (Channel) 4. Context 5. Code 6. Message Corresponding to these factors are six...
Free Course in Semiology
A completely and truly free course on Semiology (Semiotics). Learn about the meaning of signs, how and why did the field emerged. What is the relationship between the street signs and the signs that we use every day - words.