The studies by Asch, Milgram and Zimbardo examined the social forces of conformance, obedience, and situation that could influence our actions, but didn’t provide a complete explanation for aggressiveness and anti-social behavior. Some psychologists, such as Konrad Lorenz, explain aggressive behavior as an instinctive survival method, while Albert Bandura believes that aggressive behavior is learned from others. John Dollard and Neal E. Miller studied the social forces that prompt aggressive behavior, suggesting that aggression is caused by rejection. When our attempts and wishes are thwarted, we direct our aggression toward whatever is blocking us from being satisfied—and if it is our own mistake we find a scapegoat. For Leonard Berkowitz, this was only a partial answer. He believed that frustration causes anger, not aggression, and anger is only one of a number of feelings that can prompt an aggressive response. In order to actually act aggressively, there must be an external trigger, such as a weapon or loud noise that triggers aggressive thoughts.
Mind and brain
In many cultures around this world, there is the view that humans have a soul that exists independently of the physical body. For Greek philosophers, the soul was also viewed as the seat of our reasoning abilities - what we would call our minds today. While Aristotle...
