Difference is synonymous with otherness, opposition. Related: Binary opposition Much has been done on diversity in both structuralism and poststructuralism. It is used to explain the most important units in language and the way they originate; the rhetoric of...
Semiology Glossary
Thing-in-itself
The thing-in-itself is a concept introduced by Immanuel Kant. Things-in-themselves would be objects as they are, independent of observation. The concept led to much controversy among philosophers. It is closely related to Kant's concept of noumenon or the object of...
Ding an Sich
A German expression that is usually used as the opposite of the presented or phenomenon (the object as presented to us). The modern German philosopher Immanuel Kant sharply distinguishes objects in themselves from objects as they appear to us, arguing that our...
Discourse
A term sometimes used in the translation of the speech. Ferdinand de Saussure divided language (langue), seen as a self-sufficient system of formal differences, from speech (parole), the actual utterance of the individual utterer. He did this to facilitate the...
Discursive Practice
A term, that is used to illuminate the many discourses in which one is involved (e.g., philosophy, literary criticism, political commentary), these are practices and even more - practices that intersect with other non-discursive practices. What and how we read and...
Displacement
А Freudian term, meaning a process or result of redirecting an emotion or impulse from its original object to another, is more acceptable. If a child who is angry with his friend expresses hostility to a relative, the anger is displaced. Displacement is activated...
Dissemination
A term used by Roland Barthes and especially Jacques Derrida to suggest the essential openness and productivity of the text. According to such literary semiotics as Barthes and Derrida, the function of the text is not representative but productive; it is not a mirror...
Distinction
Distinction is the process of accounting for differences; the result of such a process. It is useful to differentiate, even to separate things, the process of differentiation is different from that of dividing two or more things. It is one thing to distinguish two...
Double Articulation
To learn more about the term Double Articulation, please visit the article articulation.
Dream
A phenomenon that, according to Sigmund Freud, Jacques Lacan, and other thinkers, should be treated as a text. The dream, no less than the novel or the play, is above all an invitation to interpretation. Lacan and others combined the resources of psychoanalysis and...
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Axiom
A term from traditional logic and mathematics that means an unprovable but still solid proposition. The truth of one axiom is notа per se (achievable in itself) and not through the truth of another proposition. In understanding the meaning of the proposition "The...
Axis
A line around which a body or geometric figure actually or mentally revolves. In a more general sense - a line around or parallel to which something is moving or could be found. In elementary school, we learn that there is a mental axis around which the Earth...
Bedeutung
Bedeutung is a German word usually translated as "reference" instead of "meaning". If we use the famous example of Gottlob Frege, dawn and vespers refer to the same meaning (Bedeutung), as both refer to the planet Venus but the two differ in their meaning. The term...
Behaviorism
Behaviorism is a psychological theory that emphasizes the following three phenomena: Observable behavior in society and with a certain frequency of parameters, The role of the environment in determining behavior, and What is perceived (what is learned, excluding what...
Behaviorist Theory of Meaning
The behaviorist theory of meaning is an attempt to explain meaning in terms of the behavior of organisms and their interaction with the environment. This environment includes other organisms of the same genus, and according to the behaviorist theory, the interaction...
Free Course in Semiology
A completely and truly free course on Semiology (Semiotics). Learn about the meaning of signs, how and why did the field emerged. What is the relationship between the street signs and the signs that we use every day - words.
